1128 lines
43 KiB
C#
1128 lines
43 KiB
C#
using System;
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using Core.Interfaces;
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namespace Core.Cpu
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{
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public partial class Z80
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{
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//T-State counter
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public long TotalTStates { get; set; }
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public int InterruptMode { get; private set; } = 0; // Defaults to 0 on power-up
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// Interrupt Flip-Flops
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public bool IFF1 { get; private set; } = false;
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public bool IFF2 { get; private set; } = false;
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// Main Register Set
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public RegisterPair AF;
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public RegisterPair BC;
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public RegisterPair DE;
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public RegisterPair HL;
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// Alternate Register Set
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public RegisterPair AF_Prime;
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public RegisterPair BC_Prime;
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public RegisterPair DE_Prime;
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public RegisterPair HL_Prime;
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// Index Registers
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public RegisterPair IX;
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public RegisterPair IY;
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// Special Purpose Registers
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public ushort PC; // Program Counter
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public ushort SP; // Stack Pointer
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public byte I; // Interrupt Vector
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public byte R; // Memory Refresh
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// The Memory Bus
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private readonly IMemory _memory;
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private readonly IIoBus _ioBus;
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public Z80(IMemory memory, IIoBus ioBus)
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{
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_memory = memory;
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_ioBus = ioBus;
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Reset();
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}
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public void Reset()
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{
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PC = 0x0000;
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SP = 0xFFFF; // The Z80 initializes SP to 0xFFFF on boot
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// Main Registers
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AF.Word = 0;
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BC.Word = 0;
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DE.Word = 0;
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HL.Word = 0;
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// Alternate Registers
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AF_Prime.Word = 0;
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BC_Prime.Word = 0;
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DE_Prime.Word = 0;
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HL_Prime.Word = 0;
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// Index Registers
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IX.Word = 0;
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IY.Word = 0;
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// Internal Registers
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I = 0;
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R = 0;
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// Hardware State
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IFF1 = false;
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IFF2 = false;
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InterruptMode = 0;
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TotalTStates = 0; // Reset the system clock!
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}
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public int Step()
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{
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// Fetch the next opcode and increment the Program Counter
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byte opcode = _memory.Read(PC++);
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int tStates = ExecuteOpcode(opcode);
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TotalTStates += tStates;
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// Decode and execute
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return tStates;
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}
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// Reads a 16-bit word from the current PC (Little-Endian) and advances PC by 2
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private ushort FetchWord()
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{
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byte low = _memory.Read(PC++);
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byte high = _memory.Read(PC++);
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return (ushort)((high << 8) | low);
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}
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private byte FetchByte()
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{
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return _memory.Read(PC++);
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}
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public string GetFlagsString()
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{
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byte f = AF.Low;
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return $"S:{(f >> 7) & 1} " +
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$"Z:{(f >> 6) & 1} " +
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$"Y:{(f >> 5) & 1} " + // Undocumented flag
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$"H:{(f >> 4) & 1} " +
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$"X:{(f >> 3) & 1} " + // Undocumented flag
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$"P/V:{(f >> 2) & 1} " +
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$"N:{(f >> 1) & 1} " +
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$"C:{f & 1}";
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}
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private void Sub(byte value)
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{
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byte a = AF.High;
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int result = a - value;
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// Save the result back to the Accumulator
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AF.High = (byte)result;
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// --- Update Flags (F Register) ---
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AF.Low = 0; // Clear all flags
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7)
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if ((result & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6)
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if ((byte)result == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - Set if borrow from bit 4
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if (((a & 0x0F) - (value & 0x0F)) < 0) AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Overflow Flag (Bit 2) - Set if operands have different signs and result sign changes
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if ((((a ^ value) & 0x80) != 0) && (((a ^ result) & 0x80) != 0)) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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// Subtract Flag (Bit 1) - ALWAYS set for CP/SUB
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AF.Low |= 0x02;
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// Carry Flag (Bit 0) - Set if the overall result dropped below 0
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if (result < 0) AF.Low |= 0x01;
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}
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private void Sbc(byte value)
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{
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byte a = AF.High;
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byte carry = (byte)(AF.Low & 0x01); // Get the current Carry flag (Bit 0)
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// Calculate the raw integer result to check for borrows/underflows
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int result = a - value - carry;
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// Update the Accumulator
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AF.High = (byte)result;
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// --- Update Flags (F Register) ---
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AF.Low = 0; // Clear all flags
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7)
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if ((result & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6)
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if ((byte)result == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - Set if borrow from bit 4
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if (((a & 0x0F) - (value & 0x0F) - carry) < 0) AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Overflow Flag (Bit 2) - Set if operands have different signs and result sign changes
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if ((((a ^ value) & 0x80) != 0) && (((a ^ result) & 0x80) != 0)) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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// Subtract Flag (Bit 1) - ALWAYS set for subtraction
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AF.Low |= 0x02;
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// Carry Flag (Bit 0) - Set if the overall result dropped below 0
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if (result < 0) AF.Low |= 0x01;
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}
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private void Sbc16(ushort value)
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{
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int hl = HL.Word;
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int carry = AF.Low & 0x01;
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// Calculate the raw integer result to check for underflows
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int result = hl - value - carry;
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// Update the HL register
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HL.Word = (ushort)result;
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// --- Update Flags (F Register) ---
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AF.Low = 0; // Clear all flags
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7) - Set if the 16-bit result is negative (bit 15 is 1)
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if ((result & 0x8000) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6) - Set if the entire 16-bit result is exactly 0
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if ((ushort)result == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - Set if borrow from bit 11
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if (((hl & 0x0FFF) - (value & 0x0FFF) - carry) < 0) AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Overflow Flag (Bit 2) - Set if operands have different signs and result sign changes
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if ((((hl ^ value) & 0x8000) != 0) && (((hl ^ result) & 0x8000) != 0)) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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// Subtract Flag (Bit 1) - ALWAYS set for subtraction
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AF.Low |= 0x02;
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// Carry Flag (Bit 0) - Set if the overall 16-bit result dropped below 0
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if (result < 0) AF.Low |= 0x01;
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}
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private byte Dec8(byte value)
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{
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byte result = (byte)(value - 1);
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// Store the existing Carry flag so we can preserve it
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byte carry = (byte)(AF.Low & 0x01);
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// Clear all flags
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AF.Low = 0;
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7)
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if ((result & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6)
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if (result == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - Set if borrow from bit 4 (happens if the lower nibble was 0)
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if ((value & 0x0F) == 0) AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Parity/Overflow Flag (Bit 2) - Set if the original value was 0x80 (maximum negative)
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if (value == 0x80) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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// Subtract Flag (Bit 1) - ALWAYS SET for decrements
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AF.Low |= 0x02;
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// Restore the original Carry Flag (Bit 0)
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AF.Low |= carry;
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return result;
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}
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private byte Inc8(byte value)
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{
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byte result = (byte)(value + 1);
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// Store the existing Carry flag so we can preserve it
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byte carry = (byte)(AF.Low & 0x01);
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// Clear all flags
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AF.Low = 0;
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7)
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if ((result & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6)
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if (result == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - Set if carry from bit 3 (happens if lower nibble was 0x0F)
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if ((value & 0x0F) == 0x0F) AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Parity/Overflow Flag (Bit 2) - Set if the original value was 0x7F (maximum positive)
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if (value == 0x7F) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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// Subtract Flag (Bit 1) - ALWAYS 0 for increments (already 0 because we cleared AF.Low)
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// Restore the original Carry Flag (Bit 0)
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AF.Low |= carry;
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return result;
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}
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private void Cp(byte value)
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{
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byte a = AF.High;
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int result = a - value;
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// --- Update Flags (F Register) ---
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AF.Low = 0; // Clear all flags
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7)
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if ((result & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6)
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if ((byte)result == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - Set if borrow from bit 4
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if (((a & 0x0F) - (value & 0x0F)) < 0) AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Overflow Flag (Bit 2) - Set if operands have different signs and result sign changes
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if ((((a ^ value) & 0x80) != 0) && (((a ^ result) & 0x80) != 0)) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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// Subtract Flag (Bit 1) - ALWAYS set for CP/SUB
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AF.Low |= 0x02;
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// Carry Flag (Bit 0) - Set if the overall result dropped below 0
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if (result < 0) AF.Low |= 0x01;
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}
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private void And(byte value)
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{
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AF.High = (byte)(AF.High & value);
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// --- Update Flags ---
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AF.Low = 0; // Clear all flags
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7) - Set if the highest bit is 1
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if ((AF.High & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6) - Set if the result is 0
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if (AF.High == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - ALWAYS SET to 1 for Z80 AND instructions!
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AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Parity Flag (Bit 2) - Set if the result has an even number of 1 bits
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if (HasEvenParity(AF.High)) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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// Subtract Flag (N) and Carry Flag (C) are ALWAYS 0
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}
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private void Or(byte value)
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{
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AF.High = (byte)(AF.High | value);
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// --- Update Flags ---
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AF.Low = 0; // Clear all flags (H, N, and C are always 0 for OR)
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7) - Set if the highest bit is 1
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if ((AF.High & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6) - Set if the result is 0
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if (AF.High == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Parity Flag (Bit 2) - Set if the result has an even number of 1 bits
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if (HasEvenParity(AF.High)) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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}
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private void Xor(byte value)
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{
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// The caret (^) is the C# Bitwise XOR operator
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AF.High = (byte)(AF.High ^ value);
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// --- Update Flags ---
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AF.Low = 0; // Clear all flags (H, N, and C are always 0 for XOR)
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7) - Set if the highest bit is 1
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if ((AF.High & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6) - Set if the result is 0
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if (AF.High == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Parity Flag (Bit 2) - Set if the result has an even number of 1 bits
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if (HasEvenParity(AF.High)) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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}
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private void Add16(ushort value)
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{
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int hl = HL.Word;
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int result = hl + value;
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// Update the HL register
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HL.Word = (ushort)result;
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AF.Low &= 0xEC;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - Set if there is a carry from bit 11
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if (((hl & 0x0FFF) + (value & 0x0FFF)) > 0x0FFF) AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Carry Flag (Bit 0) - Set if the result overflows 16 bits
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if (result > 0xFFFF) AF.Low |= 0x01;
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}
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private void Add(byte value)
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{
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byte a = AF.High;
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int result = a + value;
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// Save the result back to the Accumulator
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AF.High = (byte)result;
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// --- Update Flags (F Register) ---
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AF.Low = 0; // Clear all flags (This also correctly resets the N flag to 0)
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7)
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if ((result & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6)
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if ((byte)result == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - Set if carry from bit 3
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if (((a & 0x0F) + (value & 0x0F)) > 0x0F) AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Overflow/Parity Flag (Bit 2) - For addition, overflow happens if two numbers
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// with the SAME sign are added and produce a result with a DIFFERENT sign.
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if ((((a ^ ~value) & 0x80) != 0) && (((a ^ result) & 0x80) != 0)) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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// Carry Flag (Bit 0) - Set if the result is greater than 255
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if (result > 0xFF) AF.Low |= 0x01;
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}
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private void AddA(byte operand)
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{
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byte a = AF.High;
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int result = a + operand;
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AF.High = (byte)result;
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// --- Update Flags ---
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AF.Low = 0; // Clear all flags initially (Forces N to 0)
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// Sign Flag (Bit 7)
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if ((AF.High & 0x80) != 0) AF.Low |= 0x80;
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// Zero Flag (Bit 6)
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if (AF.High == 0) AF.Low |= 0x40;
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// Half-Carry Flag (Bit 4) - Check if bits 0-3 overflowed
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if (((a & 0x0F) + (operand & 0x0F)) > 0x0F) AF.Low |= 0x10;
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// Parity/Overflow Flag (Bit 2)
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bool sameSign = ((a ^ operand) & 0x80) == 0; // Did inputs have the same sign?
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bool changedSign = ((a ^ AF.High) & 0x80) != 0; // Did the result's sign flip?
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if (sameSign && changedSign) AF.Low |= 0x04;
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// Carry Flag (Bit 0) - Check if the whole 8-bit addition overflowed
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if (result > 0xFF) AF.Low |= 0x01;
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}
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private bool HasEvenParity(byte value)
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{
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int bits = 0;
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for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
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{
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if ((value & (1 << i)) != 0) bits++;
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}
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return (bits % 2) == 0;
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}
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private void Push(ushort value)
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{
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// High byte goes first
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SP--;
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_memory.Write(SP, (byte)(value >> 8));
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// Low byte goes second
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SP--;
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_memory.Write(SP, (byte)(value & 0xFF));
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}
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private ushort Pop()
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{
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// The Z80 is Little-Endian. Low byte comes off the stack first.
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byte low = _memory.Read(SP++);
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// High byte comes off second.
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byte high = _memory.Read(SP++);
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return (ushort)((high << 8) | low);
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}
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private int ExecuteOpcode(byte opcode)
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{
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sbyte offset = 0;
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switch (opcode)
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{
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case 0x00: // NOP
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return 4;
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case 0x01: // LD BC, nn
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BC.Word = FetchWord();
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return 10; // Takes 10 T-States
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case 0x03: // INC BC
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BC.Word++;
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return 6;
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case 0x04: // INC B
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BC.High = Inc8(BC.High);
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return 4;
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case 0x0B: // DEC BC
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BC.Word--;
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return 6;
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case 0x0E: // LD C, n
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BC.Low = FetchByte();
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return 7; // Takes 7 T-States
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case 0x10: // DJNZ d
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sbyte djnzOffset = (sbyte)FetchByte();
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BC.High--; // Decrement the B register
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if (BC.High != 0)
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{
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PC = (ushort)(PC + djnzOffset);
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return 13; // Jump taken
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}
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return 8; // Loop finished, no jump
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case 0x11: //LD DE, nn
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DE.Word = FetchWord();
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return 10;
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case 0x13: // INC DE
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DE.Word++;
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return 6;
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case 0x16: // LD D, n
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DE.High = FetchByte();
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return 7;
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case 0x18: // JR d
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sbyte jumpDistance = (sbyte)FetchByte();
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// PC has already been incremented by FetchByte(), so it is
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// pointing exactly where it needs to be for the relative addition.
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PC = (ushort)(PC + jumpDistance);
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return 12;
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case 0x19: // ADD HL, DE
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Add16(DE.Word);
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return 11;
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case 0x1B: // DEC DE
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DE.Word--;
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return 6;
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case 0x20: // JR NZ, e
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offset = (sbyte)FetchByte();
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if ((AF.Low & 0x40) == 0)
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{
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PC = (ushort)(PC + offset);
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return 12;
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}
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return 7;
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case 0x21: // LD HL, nn
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HL.Word = FetchWord();
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return 10;
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|
case 0x22: // LD (nn), HL
|
|
ushort dest22 = FetchWord();
|
|
_memory.Write(dest22, HL.Low);
|
|
_memory.Write((ushort)(dest22 + 1), HL.High);
|
|
return 16;
|
|
case 0x23: // INC HL
|
|
HL.Word++;
|
|
return 6;
|
|
case 0x26: // LD H, n
|
|
HL.High = FetchByte();
|
|
return 7;
|
|
case 0x28: // JR Z, e
|
|
offset = (sbyte)FetchByte();
|
|
|
|
// Check if the Zero Flag (Bit 6) IS set
|
|
if ((AF.Low & 0x40) != 0)
|
|
{
|
|
PC = (ushort)(PC + offset);
|
|
return 12; // Jump taken
|
|
}
|
|
return 7; // Jump not taken
|
|
case 0x2A: // LD HL, (nn)
|
|
{
|
|
ushort srcAddress = FetchWord();
|
|
HL.Low = _memory.Read(srcAddress);
|
|
HL.High = _memory.Read((ushort)(srcAddress + 1));
|
|
return 16; // Takes 16 T-States
|
|
}
|
|
case 0x2B: // DEC HL
|
|
HL.Word--;
|
|
return 6;
|
|
case 0x30: // JR NC, e
|
|
offset = (sbyte)FetchByte();
|
|
|
|
// Check if the Carry Flag (Bit 0) is NOT set
|
|
if ((AF.Low & 0x01) == 0)
|
|
{
|
|
PC = (ushort)(PC + offset);
|
|
return 12; // Jump taken
|
|
}
|
|
return 7; // Jump not taken
|
|
case 0x32: // LD (nn), A
|
|
{
|
|
ushort destAddress = FetchWord();
|
|
_memory.Write(destAddress, AF.High);
|
|
return 13;
|
|
}
|
|
case 0x33: // INC SP
|
|
SP++;
|
|
return 6;
|
|
case 0x35: // DEC (HL)
|
|
// Read the current byte from memory
|
|
byte memValue = _memory.Read(HL.Word);
|
|
|
|
// Decrement it and update flags
|
|
byte decremented = Dec8(memValue);
|
|
|
|
// Write the new value back to memory
|
|
_memory.Write(HL.Word, decremented);
|
|
|
|
return 11; // Takes 11 T-States
|
|
case 0x36: // LD (HL), n
|
|
byte nValue = FetchByte();
|
|
_memory.Write(HL.Word, nValue);
|
|
return 10;
|
|
case 0x37: // SCF
|
|
AF.Low |= 0x01; // Force Carry Flag (Bit 0) to 1
|
|
AF.Low &= 0xED;
|
|
return 4;
|
|
case 0x38: // JR C, d
|
|
sbyte jrCOffset = (sbyte)FetchByte();
|
|
// Check if the Carry Flag (Bit 0) IS set (1)
|
|
if ((AF.Low & 0x01) != 0)
|
|
{
|
|
PC = (ushort)(PC + jrCOffset);
|
|
return 12;
|
|
}
|
|
return 7;
|
|
case 0x3B: // DEC SP
|
|
SP--;
|
|
return 6;
|
|
case 0x3E: //LD A, n
|
|
AF.High = FetchByte();
|
|
return 7;
|
|
case 0x3F: // CCF
|
|
bool previousCarry = (AF.Low & 0x01) != 0;
|
|
AF.Low ^= 0x01; // Invert Carry Flag (Bit 0)
|
|
AF.Low &= 0xFD; // Force Subtract Flag (N, Bit 1) to 0
|
|
// Set Half-Carry (H, Bit 4) to the previous Carry state
|
|
if (previousCarry)
|
|
AF.Low |= 0x10;
|
|
else
|
|
AF.Low &= 0xEF;
|
|
return 4;
|
|
case 0x40: BC.High = BC.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x41: BC.High = BC.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x42: BC.High = DE.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x43: BC.High = DE.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x44: BC.High = HL.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x45: BC.High = HL.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x46: BC.High = _memory.Read(HL.Word); return 7;
|
|
case 0x47: BC.High = AF.High; return 4;
|
|
|
|
// --- LD C, r ---
|
|
case 0x48: BC.Low = BC.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x49: BC.Low = BC.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x4A: BC.Low = DE.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x4B: BC.Low = DE.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x4C: BC.Low = HL.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x4D: BC.Low = HL.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x4E: BC.Low = _memory.Read(HL.Word); return 7;
|
|
case 0x4F: BC.Low = AF.High; return 4;
|
|
|
|
// --- LD D, r ---
|
|
case 0x50: DE.High = BC.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x51: DE.High = BC.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x52: DE.High = DE.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x53: DE.High = DE.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x54: DE.High = HL.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x55: DE.High = HL.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x56: DE.High = _memory.Read(HL.Word); return 7;
|
|
case 0x57: DE.High = AF.High; return 4;
|
|
|
|
// --- LD E, r ---
|
|
case 0x58: DE.Low = BC.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x59: DE.Low = BC.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x5A: DE.Low = DE.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x5B: DE.Low = DE.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x5C: DE.Low = HL.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x5D: DE.Low = HL.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x5E: DE.Low = _memory.Read(HL.Word); return 7;
|
|
case 0x5F: DE.Low = AF.High; return 4;
|
|
|
|
// --- LD H, r ---
|
|
case 0x60: HL.High = BC.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x61: HL.High = BC.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x62: HL.High = DE.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x63: HL.High = DE.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x64: HL.High = HL.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x65: HL.High = HL.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x66: HL.High = _memory.Read(HL.Word); return 7;
|
|
case 0x67: HL.High = AF.High; return 4;
|
|
|
|
// --- LD L, r ---
|
|
case 0x68: HL.Low = BC.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x69: HL.Low = BC.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x6A: HL.Low = DE.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x6B: HL.Low = DE.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x6C: HL.Low = HL.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x6D: HL.Low = HL.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x6E: HL.Low = _memory.Read(HL.Word); return 7;
|
|
case 0x6F: HL.Low = AF.High; return 4;
|
|
|
|
// --- LD (HL), r --- (Note: 0x76 is HALT, so it is skipped here)
|
|
case 0x70: _memory.Write(HL.Word, BC.High); return 7;
|
|
case 0x71: _memory.Write(HL.Word, BC.Low); return 7;
|
|
case 0x72: _memory.Write(HL.Word, DE.High); return 7;
|
|
case 0x73: _memory.Write(HL.Word, DE.Low); return 7;
|
|
case 0x74: _memory.Write(HL.Word, HL.High); return 7;
|
|
case 0x75: _memory.Write(HL.Word, HL.Low); return 7;
|
|
case 0x77: _memory.Write(HL.Word, AF.High); return 7;
|
|
|
|
// --- LD A, r ---
|
|
case 0x78: AF.High = BC.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x79: AF.High = BC.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x7A: AF.High = DE.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x7B: AF.High = DE.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x7C: AF.High = HL.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x7D: AF.High = HL.Low; return 4;
|
|
case 0x7E: AF.High = _memory.Read(HL.Word); return 7;
|
|
case 0x7F: AF.High = AF.High; return 4;
|
|
case 0x80: Add(BC.High); return 4; // ADD A, B
|
|
case 0x81: Add(BC.Low); return 4; // ADD A, C
|
|
case 0x82: Add(DE.High); return 4; // ADD A, D
|
|
case 0x83: Add(DE.Low); return 4; // ADD A, E
|
|
case 0x84: Add(HL.High); return 4; // ADD A, H
|
|
case 0x85: Add(HL.Low); return 4; // ADD A, L
|
|
case 0x86: Add(_memory.Read(HL.Word)); return 7; // ADD A, (HL)
|
|
case 0x87: Add(AF.High); return 4; // ADD A, A
|
|
case 0x90: Sub(BC.High); return 4; // SUB B
|
|
case 0x91: Sub(BC.Low); return 4; // SUB C
|
|
case 0x92: Sub(DE.High); return 4; // SUB D
|
|
case 0x93: Sub(DE.Low); return 4; // SUB E
|
|
case 0x94: Sub(HL.High); return 4; // SUB H
|
|
case 0x95: Sub(HL.Low); return 4; // SUB L
|
|
case 0x96: Sub(_memory.Read(HL.Word)); return 7; // SUB (HL)
|
|
case 0x97: Sub(AF.High); return 4; // SUB A
|
|
case 0xA0: And(BC.High); return 4; // AND B
|
|
case 0xA1: And(BC.Low); return 4; // AND C
|
|
case 0xA2: And(DE.High); return 4; // AND D
|
|
case 0xA3: And(DE.Low); return 4; // AND E
|
|
case 0xA4: And(HL.High); return 4; // AND H
|
|
case 0xA5: And(HL.Low); return 4; // AND L
|
|
case 0xA6: And(_memory.Read(HL.Word)); return 7; // AND (HL)
|
|
case 0xA7: And(AF.High); return 4; // AND A
|
|
case 0xA8: Xor(BC.High); return 4; // XOR B
|
|
case 0xA9: Xor(BC.Low); return 4; // XOR C
|
|
case 0xAA: Xor(DE.High); return 4; // XOR D
|
|
case 0xAB: Xor(DE.Low); return 4; // XOR E
|
|
case 0xAC: Xor(HL.High); return 4; // XOR H
|
|
case 0xAD: Xor(HL.Low); return 4; // XOR L
|
|
case 0xAE: Xor(_memory.Read(HL.Word)); return 7; // XOR (HL)
|
|
case 0xAF: Xor(AF.High); return 4; // XOR A
|
|
|
|
// --- OR r ---
|
|
case 0xB0: Or(BC.High); return 4; // OR B
|
|
case 0xB1: Or(BC.Low); return 4; // OR C
|
|
case 0xB2: Or(DE.High); return 4; // OR D
|
|
case 0xB3: Or(DE.Low); return 4; // OR E
|
|
case 0xB4: Or(HL.High); return 4; // OR H
|
|
case 0xB5: Or(HL.Low); return 4; // OR L
|
|
case 0xB6: Or(_memory.Read(HL.Word)); return 7; // OR (HL)
|
|
case 0xB7: Or(AF.High); return 4; // OR A
|
|
|
|
// --- CP r ---
|
|
case 0xB8: Cp(BC.High); return 4; // CP B
|
|
case 0xB9: Cp(BC.Low); return 4; // CP C
|
|
case 0xBA: Cp(DE.High); return 4; // CP D
|
|
case 0xBB: Cp(DE.Low); return 4; // CP E
|
|
case 0xBC: Cp(HL.High); return 4; // CP H
|
|
case 0xBD: Cp(HL.Low); return 4; // CP L
|
|
case 0xBE: Cp(_memory.Read(HL.Word)); return 7; // CP (HL)
|
|
case 0xBF: Cp(AF.High); return 4; // CP A
|
|
case 0xC1: // POP BC
|
|
BC.Word = Pop();
|
|
return 10;
|
|
case 0xC3:
|
|
PC = FetchWord();
|
|
return 10;
|
|
case 0xc5: //push bc
|
|
Push(BC.Word);
|
|
return 11;
|
|
case 0xC6: // ADD A, n
|
|
Add(FetchByte());
|
|
return 7;
|
|
case 0xC8: // RET Z
|
|
// Check if the Zero Flag (Bit 6) IS set
|
|
if ((AF.Low & 0x40) != 0)
|
|
{
|
|
PC = Pop();
|
|
return 11; // Condition met, took the return
|
|
}
|
|
return 5; // Condition not met, skipped
|
|
case 0xC9: // RET
|
|
PC = Pop();
|
|
return 10;
|
|
case 0xCD: // CALL nn
|
|
ushort callAddress = FetchWord();
|
|
Push(PC);
|
|
PC = callAddress;
|
|
return 17;
|
|
case 0xD0: // RET NC
|
|
// Check if the Carry Flag (Bit 0) is NOT set (0)
|
|
if ((AF.Low & 0x01) == 0)
|
|
{
|
|
PC = Pop();
|
|
return 11; // Condition met, took the return
|
|
}
|
|
return 5; // Condition not met, skipped
|
|
case 0xD1: // POP DE
|
|
DE.Word = Pop();
|
|
return 10;
|
|
case 0xD3: // OUT (n), A
|
|
byte portOffset = FetchByte();
|
|
|
|
// The Z80 puts 'A' on the top 8 bits, and 'n' on the bottom 8 bits of the port address
|
|
ushort portAddress = (ushort)((AF.High << 8) | portOffset);
|
|
|
|
_ioBus.Write(portAddress, AF.High);
|
|
|
|
return 11;
|
|
case 0xd5: //push bc
|
|
Push(DE.Word);
|
|
return 11;
|
|
case 0xD6: // SUB n
|
|
Sub(FetchByte());
|
|
return 7;
|
|
case 0xD9: // EXX
|
|
ushort tempBC = BC.Word;
|
|
BC.Word = BC_Prime.Word;
|
|
BC_Prime.Word = tempBC;
|
|
|
|
ushort tempDE = DE.Word;
|
|
DE.Word = DE_Prime.Word;
|
|
DE_Prime.Word = tempDE;
|
|
|
|
ushort tempHL = HL.Word;
|
|
HL.Word = HL_Prime.Word;
|
|
HL_Prime.Word = tempHL;
|
|
|
|
return 4; // Takes 4 T-States
|
|
case 0xDE: // SBC A, n
|
|
Sbc(FetchByte());
|
|
return 7;
|
|
case 0xE1: // POP HL
|
|
HL.Word = Pop();
|
|
return 10;
|
|
case 0xe5: //push bc
|
|
Push(HL.Word);
|
|
return 11;
|
|
case 0xE6: // AND n
|
|
And(FetchByte());
|
|
return 7;
|
|
case 0xE9: // JP (HL)
|
|
PC = HL.Word;
|
|
return 4; // Takes 4 T-States
|
|
case 0xEB: // EX DE, HL
|
|
ushort tempEx = DE.Word;
|
|
DE.Word = HL.Word;
|
|
HL.Word = tempEx;
|
|
return 4; // Takes 4 T-States
|
|
case 0xED:
|
|
return ExecuteExtendedPrefix();
|
|
case 0xF1: // POP AF
|
|
AF.Word = Pop();
|
|
return 10;
|
|
case 0xF3: // DI (Disable Interrupts)
|
|
IFF1 = false;
|
|
IFF2 = false;
|
|
return 4;
|
|
case 0xf5: //push bc
|
|
Push(AF.Word);
|
|
return 11;
|
|
case 0xF9: // LD SP, HL
|
|
SP = HL.Word; // (Use SP.Word = HL.Word if you made SP a RegisterPair)
|
|
return 6;
|
|
case 0xFB: // EI
|
|
IFF1 = true;
|
|
IFF2 = true;
|
|
return 4;
|
|
case 0xFD:
|
|
return ExecuteFDPrefix();
|
|
default:
|
|
throw new NotImplementedException($"Opcode 0x{opcode:X2} at PC 0x{(PC - 1):X4} is not implemented.");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
private int ExecuteExtendedPrefix()
|
|
{
|
|
// Fetch the actual extended instruction
|
|
byte extendedOpcode = _memory.Read(PC++);
|
|
byte val = 0;
|
|
|
|
switch (extendedOpcode)
|
|
{
|
|
case 0x43: // LD (nn), BC
|
|
ushort dest43 = FetchWord();
|
|
_memory.Write(dest43, BC.Low);
|
|
_memory.Write((ushort)(dest43 + 1), BC.High);
|
|
return 20;
|
|
case 0x47: // LD I, A
|
|
I = AF.High;
|
|
return 9;
|
|
case 0x52: // SBC HL, DE
|
|
Sbc16(DE.Word);
|
|
return 15;
|
|
case 0x53: // LD (nn), DE
|
|
ushort dest53 = FetchWord();
|
|
_memory.Write(dest53, DE.Low);
|
|
_memory.Write((ushort)(dest53 + 1), DE.High);
|
|
return 20;
|
|
case 0x56: // IM 1
|
|
InterruptMode = 1;
|
|
return 8;
|
|
case 0xB0: // LDIR
|
|
// 1. Read byte from (HL)
|
|
val = _memory.Read(HL.Word);
|
|
|
|
// 2. Write byte to (DE)
|
|
_memory.Write(DE.Word, val);
|
|
|
|
// 3. Increment memory pointers, Decrement byte counter
|
|
HL.Word++;
|
|
DE.Word++;
|
|
BC.Word--;
|
|
|
|
// 4. Update Flags
|
|
// Preserve S (0x80), Z (0x40), and C (0x01).
|
|
// H (0x10) and N (0x02) are always reset to 0.
|
|
AF.Low &= 0xC1;
|
|
|
|
// P/V Flag (Bit 2) is set to 1 if BC is not 0
|
|
if (BC.Word != 0)
|
|
{
|
|
AF.Low |= 0x04;
|
|
|
|
// Rewind the PC so the CPU executes this instruction again!
|
|
PC -= 2;
|
|
return 21; // Looping
|
|
}
|
|
return 16;
|
|
case 0xB8: // LDDR
|
|
// 1. Read byte from (HL)
|
|
val = _memory.Read(HL.Word);
|
|
|
|
// 2. Write byte to (DE)
|
|
_memory.Write(DE.Word, val);
|
|
|
|
// 3. Decrement all three pointers
|
|
HL.Word--;
|
|
DE.Word--;
|
|
BC.Word--;
|
|
|
|
// 4. Update Flags
|
|
// Preserve S (0x80), Z (0x40), and C (0x01).
|
|
// H (0x10) and N (0x02) are always reset to 0.
|
|
AF.Low &= 0xC1;
|
|
|
|
// P/V Flag (Bit 2) is set to 1 if BC is not 0
|
|
if (BC.Word != 0)
|
|
{
|
|
AF.Low |= 0x04;
|
|
|
|
// Rewind the PC so the CPU executes this instruction again!
|
|
PC -= 2;
|
|
return 21; // Looping
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return 16; // Finished!
|
|
default:
|
|
throw new NotImplementedException($"Extended ED Opcode 0x{extendedOpcode:X2} at PC 0x{(PC - 1):X4} is not implemented.");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
private int ExecuteFDPrefix()
|
|
{
|
|
byte opcode = FetchByte();
|
|
ushort targetAddress = 0;
|
|
byte memVal = 0;
|
|
|
|
switch (opcode)
|
|
{
|
|
case 0x21: // LD IY, nn
|
|
IY.Word = FetchWord();
|
|
return 14;
|
|
case 0x35: // DEC (IY+d)
|
|
sbyte offset = (sbyte)FetchByte();
|
|
targetAddress = (ushort)(IY.Word + offset);
|
|
|
|
// Read, decrement using your existing helper, and write back
|
|
memVal = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
byte decVal = Dec8(memVal);
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, decVal);
|
|
return 23;
|
|
case 0x36: // LD (IY+d), n
|
|
{
|
|
sbyte offset36 = (sbyte)FetchByte();
|
|
byte nValue = FetchByte();
|
|
targetAddress = (ushort)(IY.Word + offset36);
|
|
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, nValue);
|
|
return 19; // Takes 19 T-States
|
|
}
|
|
case 0x6E: // LD L, (IY+d)
|
|
sbyte displacementVal = (sbyte)FetchByte();
|
|
ushort targetAddr = (ushort)(IY.Word + displacementVal);
|
|
|
|
HL.Low = _memory.Read(targetAddr);
|
|
return 19;
|
|
case 0x71: // LD (IY+d), C
|
|
{
|
|
sbyte offset71 = (sbyte)FetchByte();
|
|
targetAddress = (ushort)(IY.Word + offset71);
|
|
|
|
// Write the C register (low byte of BC) to memory
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, BC.Low);
|
|
return 19; // Takes 19 T-States
|
|
}
|
|
case 0x75: // LD (IY+d), L
|
|
sbyte offset75 = (sbyte)FetchByte();
|
|
targetAddress = (ushort)(IY.Word + offset75);
|
|
// Write the low byte of HL to memory
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, HL.Low);
|
|
return 19;
|
|
case 0x86: // ADD A, (IY+d)
|
|
{
|
|
sbyte displacementAdd = (sbyte)FetchByte();
|
|
ushort targetAddressAdd = (ushort)(IY.Word + displacementAdd);
|
|
|
|
byte valueToAdd = _memory.Read(targetAddressAdd);
|
|
AddA(valueToAdd);
|
|
|
|
return 19;
|
|
}
|
|
case 0xCB: // The FD CB nested prefix
|
|
{
|
|
sbyte offsetCB = (sbyte)FetchByte(); // This is the '01'
|
|
byte bitOpcode = FetchByte(); // This is the 'CE'
|
|
targetAddress = (ushort)(IY.Word + offsetCB);
|
|
|
|
switch (bitOpcode)
|
|
{
|
|
case 0x46: // BIT 0, (IY+d)
|
|
byte memValBit0 = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
|
|
// Preserve the existing Carry Flag (Bit 0)
|
|
byte newFlags = (byte)(AF.Low & 0x01);
|
|
|
|
newFlags |= 0x10; // Force Half-Carry (Bit 4) to 1
|
|
|
|
// Test Bit 0. If it is 0, turn ON the Zero Flag (Bit 6)
|
|
if ((memValBit0 & 0x01) == 0)
|
|
{
|
|
newFlags |= 0x40;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
AF.Low = newFlags;
|
|
return 20;
|
|
case 0x4E: // BIT 1, (IY+d)
|
|
{
|
|
byte memValBit = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
|
|
// Check if bit 1 is 0
|
|
bool bitIsZero = (memValBit & 0x02) == 0;
|
|
|
|
// Preserve the Carry flag (Bit 0), clear everything else
|
|
AF.Low &= 0x01;
|
|
|
|
// Set Half-Carry (Bit 4) - Standard Z80 behavior for BIT
|
|
AF.Low |= 0x10;
|
|
|
|
if (bitIsZero)
|
|
{
|
|
AF.Low |= 0x40; // Set Zero Flag (Bit 6)
|
|
AF.Low |= 0x04; // Set P/V Flag (Bit 2)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return 20;
|
|
}
|
|
case 0x86: // RES 0, (IY+d)
|
|
byte memValRes0 = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
|
|
// 0xFE is Binary 1111 1110.
|
|
// ANDing preserves all bits except Bit 0, which becomes 0.
|
|
memValRes0 &= 0xFE;
|
|
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, memValRes0);
|
|
return 23; // Takes 23 T-States
|
|
case 0x8E: // RES 1, (IY+d)
|
|
byte memValRes = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
|
|
// 0xFD is Binary 1111 1101.
|
|
// ANDing with this preserves all bits except Bit 1, which becomes 0.
|
|
memValRes &= 0xFD;
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, memValRes);
|
|
return 23;
|
|
case 0xA6: // RES 4, (IY+d)
|
|
byte memValRes4 = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
|
|
// 0xEF is Binary 1110 1111
|
|
// ANDing preserves all bits except Bit 4, which becomes 0.
|
|
memValRes4 &= 0xEF;
|
|
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, memValRes4);
|
|
return 23;
|
|
case 0xAE: // RES 5, (IY+d)
|
|
byte memValRes5 = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
|
|
// 0xDF is Binary 1101 1111
|
|
// ANDing perfectly preserves all other bits while forcing Bit 5 to 0
|
|
memValRes5 &= 0xDF;
|
|
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, memValRes5);
|
|
return 23;
|
|
case 0xC6: // SET 0, (IY+d)
|
|
byte memValSet0 = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
|
|
// 0x01 is Binary 0000 0001
|
|
// ORing forces Bit 0 to 1 and perfectly preserves all other bits
|
|
memValSet0 |= 0x01;
|
|
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, memValSet0);
|
|
return 23; // Takes 23 T-States
|
|
case 0xCE: // SET 1, (IY+d)
|
|
memVal = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
memVal |= 0x02; // 0x02 is Binary 0000 0010 (Bit 1)
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, memVal);
|
|
return 23;
|
|
case 0xE6: // SET 4, (IY+d)
|
|
byte memValSet4 = _memory.Read(targetAddress);
|
|
|
|
// 0x10 is Binary 0001 0000
|
|
// ORing perfectly preserves all other bits while forcing Bit 4 to 1
|
|
memValSet4 |= 0x10;
|
|
|
|
_memory.Write(targetAddress, memValSet4);
|
|
return 23;
|
|
|
|
default:
|
|
throw new NotImplementedException($"FD CB opcode {bitOpcode:X2} at PC 0x{(PC - 1):X4} not implemented!");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
default:
|
|
throw new NotImplementedException($"FD prefix opcode {opcode:X2} at PC 0x{(PC - 2):X4} not implemented!");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} |